Energy

D+

Summary

As Americans increasingly depend on electrification in their daily lives, energy demand is experiencing its highest growth in two decades. An increase in electric vehicles (EVs) and a rise in data centers will demand 35 gigawatts (GW) of electricity by 2030 alone, up from 17 GW in 2022. This rapid acceleration, compounded by federal and state net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals, means utilities will need to double existing transmission capacity to connect new renewable generation sources. Transmission investments have risen by $5 billion from 2017 to 2022, and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are supporting renewable technologies and grid hardening measures. New investments come as weather accounts for 80% of electricity outages since 2000, most of which occurred in the last decade and within distribution systems that deliver power in the last miles from transmission systems to homes and businesses. Interregional connections accelerated by streamlined regulatory review, rigorous design standards, and resilient technologies must be implemented to ensure reliability in the years ahead.

Explore Background
Highlights

Data centers require enough energy

to power approximately 80,000 U.S. homes. Combined with AI and electrified products such as EVs,

American energy demands are surging

The IIJA allocated $73 billion

through 2026 to modernize the electric grid, however, the sector still faces a $578 billion investment gap

due to shifting needs and growing demands

Approximately 80% of U.S. power outages

stem from severe weather events, but the use of the most up-to-date codes and standards, which could prevent future system failures,

is not always required

Condition, Capacity, Operation & Maintenance

Energy Generation

The U.S. is undergoing a transformational shift in how energy is used and generated through more than 12,500 utility-scale electric power plants. Consumers and businesses are growing increasingly reliant on data storage facilities, artificial intelligence (AI), and electrified products such as EVs, to name just a few examples of advancements adding immense strain to an already fragile and aging electric grid. Data centers alone are expected to demand 35 GW of electricity by 2030, up from 17 GW in 2022, growing roughly 10% per year.

Explore Condition, Capacity, Operation & Maintenance

Added Capacity by Source (in gigawatts)

Funding & Future Need

Utility operators rely on rate payers to fund maintenance, capital improvement, and expansion projects for both energy generation and T&D systems. Commercial rates and residential rates differ to account for the loads they require, as commercial users often purchase in bulk and can negotiate rates.

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

U.S. utilities combined to spend $27.7 billion on transmission and $50.9 billion on distribution infrastructure in 2023. In comparison, utilities spent $20 billion on transmission systems and $44.5 billion on distribution in 2022, marking significant increases to replace aging equipment, modernize existing assets to be more resilient, and install new lines and transformers.

Explore Funding

Public Safety

Energy Generation

Despite oil and gas pipelines aging beyond their intended design lives and severe weather events increasing in frequency, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) indicates that significant pipeline incidents are decreasing in frequency. The per-year average of serious pipeline incidents from 2021 to 2023 is 266, compared to the 5-year (2019–2023) average of 280 per year and 10-year (2014–2023) average of 294 per year.

Explore Public Safety

Resilience & Innovation

transmission and distribution

Between 2000 and 2023, 80% of U.S. power outages stemmed from weather events, such as severe wind, rain, and thunderstorms; snow, ice, and freezing rain; hurricanes; and extreme heat. The U.S. experienced two times more weather-related outages during the last 10 years (2014– 2023) than during the prior 10 years (2000–2009).

Explore Resilience & Innovation

Raising the Grade

Solutions that Work

Assign state coordinators to help utilities navigate the federal grant process and identify appropriate programs that align with their long-term strategic goals.
Adjust electricity rates to keep pace with capital expenditures and resilience initiatives.
Design energy infrastructure, including life-cycle cost analysis and construction of additional transmission grid infrastructure, to efficiently deliver power from generation sources to regions with greatest demand.
Develop a national hardening plan that considers investment in production/generation and delivery (T&D, pipelines) to enable rapid restoration of energy systems after natural and/or man-made disasters.
Mitigate capacity shortfalls by accompanying major energy projects with sufficient storage infrastructure.
Improve grid and pipeline reliability by increasing frequency and effectiveness of critical asset inspections and focusing on robust risk mitigation.
Develop a robust national transformer inventory to ensure grid operators can replace transformers quickly and cost-effectively following disasters.
Require energy providers to adopt the most stringent consensus-based codes and standards for all overhead T&D lines, structures, and substations to ensure safety and increase reliability.
Adopt a federal energy policy for meeting current and future technology change, carbon reduction, renewables and distributed generation, state and market-based factors, and rate affordability.

View Report Sources

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Photo Attributions

  • Albert Bridge
  • Hector Espinoza
  • Anna Denecke
  • Donald Giannatti
  • Kiewik Corp
  • Wikimedia Commons
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